Qumran: The Site of the Dead Sea Scrolls

 

Olav Röhrer-Ertl

(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)

 

Data and Insights Based on Skeletal Remains from Qumran in the Collectio Kurth

 

During the analysis of skeletal material from Qumran (Collectio Kurth) a wide range of physical data was collected and analysed by an interdisciplinary team of scholars. Although the random character of sampling only allows qualitative conclusions, these data nevertheless lead to important conclusions, which should turn out to be incontrovertible.
Especially noteworthy are:
1. During the period of consideration, the vicinity of Qumran was densely covered with
vegetation.
2. At the same time, Wadi Qumran ran water all year round which -despite its salinity and
bitterness- was still suitable for human and animal consumption.
3. The water was used for irrigated agriculture (date palm plantations).
4. The cemeteries were situated within these plantations, thereby taking on their
structure/layout.
5. The cemeteries have produced remains of males, females and children of all ages. This
indicates the presence of usual family structures at Qumran.
6. Social stratification within the Qumran population can be taken for granted, too.
7. Different patterns in dental use and abrasion suggest different ways of preparing staple
foods.
8. Typologically, the individuals that could be analysed belong to a local, Jordan valley based
population group and show less affinities to the region around Jerusalem, and certainly
none to the coastal area.